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Dipankar

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usage of "port" from analogLib
Jan 04^th, 2009, 5:41am

Hi All,

HNY 2009.

I was using port from analogLib. As long as I use port reactance=0 there seems no problem. But I face problem when I use non-zero port reactance. Say for the simplest case if the port (resistance=50, reactance=50) voltage at open circuit configuration is 4 times of "Vpk" (source is sine); whereas it should have been twice of "Vpk".

Looking for your inputs.

BR
Dipankar.

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With Thanks and Regards,
Dipankar.

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Andrew Beckett

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #1 - Jan 4^th, 2009, 9:21am

Note that reactance (parameter x on the port) is only supported in non-time domain analyses. So what you're seeing is presumably the time domain or DC result (that's what I see).

I believe (I've not done the maths to check) this is a consequence of the fact that (according to the "spectre -h port" help),

Quote:

In frequency-domain, a port can have complex reference impedance. The value of AC signal of the port specifies the voltage across the port when it is terminated in its complex conjugate reference impedance. �The reactance part of the impedance is ignored when the port is used in time-domain analyses.

As a result, the internal source is adjusted to ensure this is correct. What then happens if that if there is no load, and the reactive part is ignored, you end up with this quadrupling.

Regards,

Andrew.

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Dipankar Community Member Offline Posts: 59	Re: usage of "port" from analogLib Reply #2 - Jan 4^th, 2009, 10:12am Dear Andrew, So can I infer that - I should avoid using "PORT" with non-zero reactance when running a time-domain simulation ? (The pdf on spectreRF also told that port-reactance is used only in harmonic balance .)
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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #3 - Jan 5^th, 2009, 10:39pm

I checked a reactance implementation of analogLib/port using @(#)$CDS: spectre �version 6.2.0 09/19/2007 13:58 (usimlx112) $.

Amplitudes of nodes, x1 and y1 have to be sqrt(2)Volts.
Amplitudes of nodes, x2 and y2 have to be 1.0Volts.

But HB analysis of Cadence Spectre can't give correct values.

Of course, if I set Xs=0, amplitudes of all nodes will be 1.0Volts even in Cadence Spectre.

Netlist is following
Quote:

simulator lang=spectre
global 0
// Generated for: spectre
// Generated on: Jan �6 15:00:20 2009
// Design library name: My_RFDE_Test
// Design cell name: test_port
// Design view name: schematic

parameters Rs=50 // [Ohm]
parameters Xs=50 // [Ohm]

parameters Va=1.0 // [Vp]
parameters Pa_Watts=(Va/sqrt(2))**2/Rs // Available Power [Watts]
parameters Pa_dBm=10*log10(Pa_Watts)+30 // [dBm]

PORT1 (x1 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G dbm=Pa_dBm fundname="F1"
PORT2 (x1 0) port r=Rs x=-Xs type=dc

PORT3 (x2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G dbm=Pa_dBm fundname="F1"
PORT4 (x2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=dc

PORT5 (y1 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G ampl=Va fundname="F1"
PORT6 (y1 0) port r=Rs x=-Xs type=dc

PORT7 (y2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G ampl=Va fundname="F1"
PORT8 (y2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=dc

simulatorOptions options reltol=1e-3 vabstol=1e-6 iabstol=1e-12 temp=27 \
� �tnom=27 scalem=1.0 scale=1.0 gmin=1e-12 rforce=1 maxnotes=5 maxwarns=5 \
� �digits=5 cols=80 pivrel=1e-3 sensfile="../psf/sens.output" \
� �checklimitdest=psf

pss �pss �flexbalance=yes �fund=1G �harms=7 �errpreset=moderate
+ � �tstab=0 maxperiods=200 annotate=status �maxiters=15 �restart=no

saveOptions options save=allpub

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« Last Edit: Jan 6^th, 2009, 1:50am by pancho_hideboo »

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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #4 - Jan 5^th, 2009, 11:51pm

On the other hand, Agilent ADSsim can give correct results.
But reactance of analogLib/port is ignored in RFDE.
Instead we have to use adsLib/P_1Tone.

Netlist of ADSsim is followings.
Quote:

simulator lang=spectre
global 0
// Generated for: spectre
// Generated on: Jan �6 15:00:20 2009
// Design library name: My_RFDE_Test
// Design cell name: test_port
// Design view name: schematic

parameters Rs=50 // [Ohm]
parameters Xs=50 // [Ohm]

parameters Va=1.0 // [Vp]
parameters Pa_Watts=(Va/sqrt(2))**2/Rs // Available Power [Watts]
parameters Pa_dBm=10*log10(Pa_Watts)+30 // [dBm]

simulator lang=ads
Options ResourceUsage=yes UseNutmegFormat=no \
TopDesignName="./data/test_port.ds"

Zs=Rs+j*Xs

Port:PORT1 �x1 0 Num=1 Z=Zs Ohm P[1]=polar(Pa_Watts, 0) Freq[1]=1 GHz \
� �Noise=yes Pac=polar(dbmtow(0),0)
Port:PORT2 �x1 0 Num=2 Z=conj(Zs) Pac=polar(dbmtow(0),0) Freq=freq Noise=yes

Port:PORT3 �x2 0 Num=3 Z=Zs Ohm P[1]=polar(Pa_Watts, 0) Freq[1]=1 GHz \
� �Noise=yes Pac=polar(dbmtow(0),0)
Port:PORT4 �x2 0 Num=4 Z=Zs Pac=polar(dbmtow(0),0) Freq=freq Noise=yes

HB:HB1 MaxOrder=4 Freq[1]=1.0 GHz Order[1]=7 StatusLevel=2 \
� OutputPlan="HB1_Output"

OutputPlan:HB1_Output \
Type="Output" \
UseNodeNestLevel=yes \
NodeNestLevel=2 \
UseEquationNestLevel=yes \
EquationNestLevel=2 \
UseSavedEquationNestLevel=yes \
SavedEquationNestLevel=2

Tran:HB1_tran HB_Sol=1 SteadyState=1 StatusLevel=3 \
Freq[1]=1.0 GHz Order[1]=7 \
OutputPlan="HB1_Output"

Component:tahb_HB1 Module="ATAHB" Type="ModelExtractor" \
Tran_Analysis="HB1_tran" HB_Analysis="HB1"

Here power delivered to conjugate matched load is 10dBm, while voltage is sqrt(2) Volts.

So "spectre -h port" is also wrong.

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hebo_cadence.jpg

« Last Edit: Jan 6^th, 2009, 6:16pm by pancho_hideboo »

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Andrew Beckett

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #5 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 1:41am

Although a port with fixed resistance and reactance is completely non-physical of course...

The fact that reactance has not been fully implemented yet on a port does NOT make spectre unreliable for RF in general. Of course, if people are using loads with fixed resistance and reactance over all frequencies all the time, I am completely wrong ;)

There is an existing CCR 383288 to get port reactance to work in HB analyses - it was only added to support small-signal analyses and the work has not yet been done to get it to work in HB.

I don't believe we have plans to implement this in time domain simulation. It's rather tricky converting a non-physical port into something that makes sense and will converge in the time domain.

Regards,

Andrew.

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pancho_hideboo Senior Fellow Offline Posts: 1424 Real Homeless	Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib Reply #6 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 1:50am Sorry. Spectre's results might be Shooting Newton, since as far as my understanding "pss-td" data is not generated for HB analysis. Due to some reason, results of shooting newton might remain. Tomorrow I will re-run Spectre. But explanation of "spectre -h port" is wrong.
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Andrew Beckett Senior Fellow Offline Life, don't talk to me about Life... Posts: 1742 Bracknell, UK	Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib Reply #7 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 1:58am pss-td is also generated for HB analyses. However, reactance is not implemented for HB analysis, as I mentioned before. You need to check it in sp analysis, since that's what it was really implemented for. I would imagine that "ac" is OK too. I've not checked - sorry... Regards, Andrew.
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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #8 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 2:05am

Dipankar wrote on Jan 4^th, 2009, 10:12am:

So can I infer that - I should avoid using "PORT" with non-zero reactance when running a time-domain simulation ?

For physical system impedance which satisfy causality, R(omega) and X(omega) are not independent.
R(omega) and X(omega) have to satisfy Cauchy-Riemann differential equations regarding omega each other.
If R(omega) is constant such as 50Ohm, X(omega) can not be constant. So Zs=50+j*50 is not physical.

You must not set such non-physical impedance for time-domain analysis. For example, Agilent simulator support reactance even in time-domain analysis.

Dipankar wrote on Jan 4^th, 2009, 10:12am:

(The pdf on spectreRF also told that port-reactance is used only in harmonic balance .)

But Cadence Spectre seems not to support reactance of analogLib/port even in HB analysis which is frequency domain analysis.

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« Last Edit: Jan 6^th, 2009, 4:06pm by pancho_hideboo »

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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #9 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 2:31am

Andrew Beckett wrote on Jan 6^th, 2009, 1:41am:

Although a port with fixed resistance and reactance is completely non-physical of course...
There is an existing CCR 383288 to get port reactance to work in HB analyses

If Spectre ignore reactance in HB and Tran analysis, amplitudes of all nodes must be 1.0Volt.
But Spectre gives 2.0Volt.

Many people use such non-physical load impedances in HB analysis.
For example, we often use constant complex impedance when we design blocks separately, e.g. mixer, vco, lna, etc.
In such cases, if I design mixer and other people design vco, I inform complex input impedance of mixer to vco designer
But I don't use constant complex impedance even in AC, SP and HB analysis. I use NPORT.

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« Last Edit: Jan 6^th, 2009, 6:34am by pancho_hideboo »

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Andrew Beckett Senior Fellow Offline Life, don't talk to me about Life... Posts: 1742 Bracknell, UK	Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib Reply #10 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 2:35am I do understand that it is useful to have this in HB analyses - and the fact that support was not added for HB was an oversight - the work was done on the port component, but it also needed some additional work to enable it in certain analyses - hence the CCR. Regards, Andrew.
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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #11 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 5:20pm

Andrew Beckett wrote on Jan 6^th, 2009, 1:58am:

You need to check it in SP Analysis

I can't confirm whether reactance is implemented correctly or not regarding amplitude with sp-analysis.
I have to run AC Analysis.
Following is netlist

Quote:

simulator lang=spectre
global 0
// Generated for: spectre
// Generated on: Jan �7 09:43:33 2009
// Design library name: My_RFDE_Test
// Design cell name: test_port
// Design view name: schematic

parameters Rs=50 // [Ohm]
parameters Xs=50 // [Ohm]

parameters Va=1.0 // [Vp]
parameters Pa_Watts=(Va/sqrt(2))**2/Rs // Available Power [Watts]
parameters Pa_dBm=10*log10(Pa_Watts)+30 // [dBm]

PORT1 (x1 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G dbm=Pa_dBm mag=Va fundname="F1"
PORT2 (x1 0) port r=Rs x=-Xs type=dc

PORT3 (x2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G dbm=Pa_dBm mag=Va fundname="F1"
PORT4 (x2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=dc

PORT5 (y1 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G ampl=Va mag=Va fundname="F1"
PORT6 (y1 0) port r=Rs x=-Xs type=dc

PORT7 (y2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=sine freq=1G ampl=Va mag=Va fundname="F1"
PORT8 (y2 0) port r=Rs x=Xs type=dc

simulatorOptions options reltol=1e-3 vabstol=1e-6 iabstol=1e-12 temp=27 \
� �tnom=27 scalem=1.0 scale=1.0 gmin=1e-12 rforce=1 maxnotes=5 maxwarns=5 \
� �digits=5 cols=80 pivrel=1e-3 sensfile="../psf/sens.output" \
� �checklimitdest=psf

ac ac start=1G stop=10G dec=11 annotate=status

pss �pss �flexbalance=yes �fund=1G �harms=7 �errpreset=moderate
+ � �tstab=0 maxperiods=200 annotate=status �maxiters=15 �restart=no

saveOptions options save=allpub
save PORT2:p PORT4:p PORT6:p PORT8:p

Attached figure is for Xs=0. Power_dBm is calculated like followings.

Power_x1_dBm
� =dbm( 0.5*real( conjugate(i("/PORT2/PLUS" ?result "ac"))*v("/x1" ?result "ac") ) )

Power_x2_dBm
� =dbm( 0.5*real( conjugate(i("/PORT4/PLUS" ?result "ac"))*v("/x2" ?result "ac") ) )

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Xs_0.jpg

« Last Edit: Jan 7^th, 2009, 8:31am by pancho_hideboo »

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Ken Kundert

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #12 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 5:22pm

The use of complex port impedance got its start in single-frequency (linear, AC-type) analysis. This is a perfectly valid thing to do in a single-frequency analysis. However, having a constant-valued complex port impedance over a range of frequencies is non-physical, as Pancho-Hidaboo pointed out. So its use in nonlinear analysis such as transient or harmonic balance where more than one frequency is present simultaneously is dubious at best. The computed result will be non-physical and so misleading in some way. In fact, this is an important issue with harmonic balance in general. There are several relatively common situations where it will happily produce incorrect result with no warning. I always like to run transient or shooting methods in addition to harmonic balance just to make sure that I am not being fooled.

-Ken

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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #13 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 5:30pm

Attached figure is for Xs=50.
This result that amplitude of node x1 is 1.0V is matched to the "spectre -h port".
Quote:

In frequency-domain, a port can have complex reference impedance.
The value of AC signal of the port specifies the voltage across the port when it is terminated in its complex conjugate reference impedance.

But this result is not appropriate although it is matched to "spectre -h port".
See figure for Xs=0 again. For Xs=0, power delivered to conjugate matched load is 10dBm.
Even for Xs=50, power delivered to conjugate matched load have to be 10dBm.
But Spectre results is not 10dBm.

And Amplitude of node x1 have to be sqrt(2) Volt.

On the other hand, AC Analysis of Agilent ADSsim gives correct values as well as HB analysis.

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Xs_50.jpg

« Last Edit: Jan 7^th, 2009, 5:09am by pancho_hideboo »

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pancho_hideboo

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Re: usage �of "port" from analogLib
Reply #14 - Jan 6^th, 2009, 5:42pm

If we see "spectre -h port", we can see followings.
Quote:

The reactance part of the impedance is ignored when the port is used in time-domain analyses.

56 x=0 Ohm � � Reference reactance, ignored for time domain analyses.

If Spectre ignore reactance in HB and Tran analysis, amplitudes of all nodes must be 1.0Volt.
But Spectre gives 2.0Volt.

This is the reason why starter of this thread, Dipankar observed 4 times voltage when port is open loaded.

I think at least there are three issues about reactance implementation of analogLib/port in Cadence Spectre.

(1) Generated amplitude is not appropriate even in AC analysis.
(2) Reactance is not ignored for HB and time domain analyses. And generated amplitude is not appropriate.
(3) Unless "freq" variable is not available, there is no valuable application for complex impedance even in AC analysis.
Quote:

http://www.designers-guide.org/Forum/YaBB.pl?num=1227194040

I know there are many people who use complex impedance in Agilent ADSsim.
But I doubt whether there is any people who use reactance of analogLib/port in Cadence Spectre actually since it is not implemented appropriately and its applications are very limited.

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aho_cadence.jpg

« Last Edit: Jan 7^th, 2009, 5:34pm by pancho_hideboo »

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